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Drug discovery: methods and principles

Across
•Inhibitor binds reversibly to the allosteric site • Intermolecular bonds are formed • Induced fit alters the shape of the enzyme • Active site is distorted and is not recognised by the substrate • Increasing substrate concentration does not reverse inhibition •Inhibitor is not similar in structure to the substrate • often at start of biosynthetic pathways • Enzyme is controlled by the final product of the pathway • Final product binds to the allosteric site and switches off enzyme • Inhibitor may have a similar structure to the final product.
Down
•favours competitive and allosteric inhibitors • E.g irreversible kinase inhibitor targeting ATP-binding site of MEK1 is developed •irreversible inhibitor would bind to MEK1, suppressing its activity •but given the high degree of homology of the ATP-binding site within the kinase family it’s likely that many other kinases would also be irreversibly inhibited. •Irreversible inhibition of enzymes that are involved in drug metabolism can also lead to significant negative consequences by altering the rate at which drugs are cleared from the body.