an ideal set of research
procedures that serves as the model for almost all psychological research.
The idea that a great deal of published psychological research does not
hold up to independent replication.
Ethics: Institutionally related set of guidelines and reviewers who may approve or deny a research program.
The difference between law and theory or hypothesis can be seen in these. A good theory or hypothesis helps to define them.
an approach to hypothesis testing
in which researchers attempt to gather evidence that invalidates or
disconfirms a theory or hypothesis; Bem's response to Festinger's study on Cognitive Dissonance.
Deductive strategy for generating ideas; taste aversion learning.
Ethics: Critics of Milgram’s famous study argued that his study was unethical; his
research procedure was inherently __________.
predictions that can be
readily tested; research statement.
Inductive technique for generating ideas; Skinner's superstitious pigeons.
when a general statement (a
theory) is used to develop predictions (hypotheses) that are then tested
against observations
Deductive technique for developing ideas; what organisms have to do to master their environments.
Down
analogue of the positive test
bias; tendency for social perceivers to elicit
behaviors from a person that are consistent with their initial expectancies of
the person.
Ethics: You must protect your participant's from this; imagine having to shock another human who is screaming in pain.
Deductive technique for developing ideas; inoculation.
human
behavior usually has multiple determinants.
the
tendency for people who are evaluating hypotheses to attempt to confirm
rather than to disconfirm hypotheses.
Ethics: Before the start of a study, participants must give this.
a universal statement of the nature
of things that allows reliable predictions of future events
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It prints on two pages.
Big puzzles won’t always print on one page — the clues and grid are the smallest we could make them while keeping them readable for everyone.
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