an ideal set of research
procedures that serves as the model for almost all psychological research.
a universal statement of the nature
of things that allows reliable predictions of future events
The idea that a great deal of published psychological research does not
hold up to independent replication.
The difference between law and theory or hypothesis can be seen in these. A good theory or hypothesis helps to define them.
Deductive strategy for generating ideas; taste aversion learning.
Ethics: Institutionally related set of guidelines and reviewers who may approve or deny a research program.
Ethics: Before the start of a study, participants must give this.
Down
an approach to hypothesis testing
in which researchers attempt to gather evidence that invalidates or
disconfirms a theory or hypothesis; Bem's response to Festinger's study on Cognitive Dissonance.
analogue of the positive test
bias; tendency for social perceivers to elicit
behaviors from a person that are consistent with their initial expectancies of
the person.
Ethics: You must protect your participant's from this; imagine having to shock another human who is screaming in pain.
the
tendency for people who are evaluating hypotheses to attempt to confirm
rather than to disconfirm hypotheses.
Deductive technique for developing ideas; inoculation.
Deductive technique for developing ideas; what organisms have to do to master their environments.
predictions that can be
readily tested; research statement.
human
behavior usually has multiple determinants.
Ethics: Critics of Milgram’s famous study argued that his study was unethical; his
research procedure was inherently __________.
Ethics: setting the record straight in a deception
study after the study is done.
Inductive technique for generating ideas; Skinner's superstitious pigeons.
when a general statement (a
theory) is used to develop predictions (hypotheses) that are then tested
against observations
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