An artistic technique that uses strong contrasts between light and dark to create a sense of volume and three-dimensionality.
The astronomical model in which the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun, challenging the geocentric model prevalent in the medieval period.
The 15th century in Italian art and history, often considered the beginning of the Renaissance.
A style in art and architecture characterized by ornate detail, dramatic effects, and a sense of grandeur, succeeding the Renaissance.
The intellectual movement in the 16th and 17th centuries that marked the emergence of modern science, challenging traditional views and promoting empirical observation and experimentation.
A philosophical movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, science, individual rights, and the separation of church and state.
Financial support or sponsorship provided to artists, scholars, and intellectuals by wealthy individuals, families, or institutions.
A technique in art that creates the illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface, a key development in Renaissance painting.
The political structure of Florence during the Renaissance, known for its civic humanism and patronage of the arts.
The emphasis on worldly concerns and values rather than religious ones, a characteristic of Renaissance thought.
The rejection or destruction of religious images or icons, often associated with religious or political reform movements.
A philosophical system that emerged during the Renaissance, combining elements of Platonism with other philosophical traditions, emphasizing spiritual and mystical aspects.
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