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Chemistry of Permanent Waving

Teacher: sam
Across
the hair’s outer most layer which has shingle or scale like cells that overlap.
Hydrogen bonds salt bonds disulfide bonds
The act of wrapping sections of hair around a perm rod
provides strength, color and texture of the hair
remove hydrogen from sulfur atom
main active ingredient in alkaline perms.
Down
the most common thio.
add hydrogen to sulfur atom
measures how acidic or basic a substance is. It ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral.
caused by the permanent waving solution and the neutralizer
A Two-Step Process
The innermost structure is only present in large thick hairs.