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Lab 5 Vocabulary

Across
The nucleotide interchange of a purine with a pyrimidine or vice versa.
The use of computational tools to understand biological data.
A taxon that is known to be more distantly related than all other taxa in the tree.
The nucleotide interchange of a purine with a pyrimidine or vice versa.
The branching point of a phylogenetic tree that represents the common ancestor for all descendants (taxa) branching out of that node.
Tending to be different.
Text-based format for representing either nucleotide (DNA/RNA) or peptide (amino acid) sequences.
A phylogenetic tree in which ancestry is unknown and the ancestral outgroup, or root, is not identified.
Down
(Plural taxa) A scientifically classified taxonomic unit, such as a genus or species.
A nucleotide substitution that results in the same amino acid product.
Cluster of taxa that originate from the same ancestral node.
An unrooted phylogenetic tree where the hypothetical root is placed midpoint in the tree.
The study of evolutionary relatedness among biological organisms.
Pairwise distance (p) between two sequences that is calculated by aligning the two sequences and dividing the number of nucleotide differences (nd) by the sequence length (n).
A phylogenetic tree featuring a distinct node, or root, that serves as the ancestral group for all taxa in the tree.
The basic unit used in phylogenetics to compare closely related taxonomic groups or sequences. Found at the tips of phylogenetic trees.