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Soil Glossary

Across
A swampy place or marshy inlet.
A wetland dominated by trees.
A miniature valley with steep sides cut by running water and through which water ordinarily runs only after rainfall and is generally an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to be obliterated by ordinary tillage.
Organisms that must feed on other organisms in order to get the energy-rich food they need
Soil material, rock fragments, or both, moved by creep, slide, or local wash and deposited at the base of steep slopes.
A chemical compound that aids root growth.
Organisms that directly use the sun’s energy to make their own food.
Fine-grained soil with particles less than .002 millimeters; plastic when wet, but hardens when dry
Enrichment of water due to fertilization, sewage, effluent or other waters that carry a high plant-nutrient component which speeds up the ecological aging of a body of water.
Lake type used to describe bodies of water characterized by low amounts of nutrients in proportion to their total volume of water.
Sedimentary deposits (like a delta) in fresh water.
The most abundant group of minerals in the earth’s crust.
Rock formed by the cooling of magma, or molten rock, from within the Earth.
Material deposited in lake water and exposed when the water level is lowered or the elevation of the land is raised
Referring to or derived from living organisms; in chemistry, any compound containing carbon.
The dark organic part of soil formed from decaying plant and animal matter; often called topsoil.
The downward movement of water in soil.
The unconsolidated organic and mineral material in which soil forms.
An area that is regularly wet or flooded where the water table stands at or above the land surface for a least part of the year.
Down
A descriptive term referring to plants and soils existing in flooded, saturated, or ponded areas.
Animals lacking a backbone. Some examples are insects, spiders, mollusks, and crustaceans.
The land area where all rain drains into a body of water—delivering both runoff water and sediment to a major river or stream and its tributaries.
The degree to which “puddled” or reworked soil can be permanently deformed without rupturing.
Radiant energy from the sun is used to combine carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen and carbohydrates (such as glucose) and other nutrient molecules.
The part of the earth’s crust (water and atmosphere) where living organisms can exist.
Moist, semi-decayed, organic matter.
The compression of soil to a smaller volume.
The removal of soluble substance from soil by percolating water.
A planned multi-year succession of crops designed to maximize productivity and minimize erosion and plant diseases.
Sediment deposited in oceans.
Water that infiltrates the soil and is stored in slowly flowing and slowly renewed underground reservoirs called aquifers.
An embankment, or ridge, constructed across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight angle to the contour intercepting surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or flows slowly to a prepared outlet.
A wetland without trees which often has standing water.
Simple plantlike organisms that lack chlorophyll.
The wearing away of the land surface by wind or water.
Soil particles composed of individual mineral particles that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay (0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine sand (0.05 millimeter).