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Introduction to Water Distribution Systems

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A valve that allows liquid to flow in only one direction. Pressure and flow within the inlet line keeps the valve open. Automatic closure of the valve occurs with the reversal of flow, by the weight of the disc mechanism, or by spring action
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Sources of water collected and stored in natural or artificial (man-made) lakes
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A loud thumping that results when the piping system deflects against supports as it absorbs the energy in flowing water when it suddenly stops
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Reduced flow of water through a valve by positioning of the valve’s stopping device; increases both the pressure drop across the valve and flow resistance through the valve
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A valve flow design that does not restrict flow through the valve. The element that closes the valve is retracted entirely clear of the passage
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Design factors to determine the load that different plumbing fixtures produce on the supply side of a plumbing system
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The presence of particles (sand, mud, silt) suspended in water that give the water a cloudy appearance
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A control valve installed in building water supply lines between the corporation stop and the building
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A valve whose internal design is similar to a globe valve’s but its outlet direction is 90 degrees from its inlet
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A valve used to reduce water pressure in a building. The valve is activated by changes in pressure within the system
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The level below the ground’s surface where soil becomes saturated with water
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Outer tube or pipe sunk into the ground after drilling or driving a well to stabilize the hole
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A device for measuring water volume usage by an individual building or customer
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Corrosion caused by a weak electrical current that occurs when an electrical path exists between two different metals
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A cylindrical casing placed in the ground over the curb stop, into which a special key-wrench can be inserted to turn off the curb stop. Also given the term buffalo box
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A type of backflow preventer that inhibits backflow caused by lower pressure in a water supply system by opening a vent path in a cross-connected system to prevent siphonage
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The main water supply piping, to which branches are connected. Also referred to as feeder lines
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In water treatment processes, a thickening of suspended or dissolved materials into a soft, semi-solid or solid mass
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Valves that are commonly used to disconnect the hot or cold water supplies to water closets and sinks. They are available in either right-angle or straight design, and with globe- or ball-valve internals
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Valves normally used for liquid service to prevent over-pressurization of a system or component. May be slow- or fast-acting depending on their purpose and design
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A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. A pH of 7 is neutral, being neither acidic nor alkaline; higher numbers are more alkaline, lower numbers are more acidic. The symbol comes from the early twentieth-century chemistry term power of hydrogen
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A faucet with a threaded outlet, typically set at an angle to the inlet pipe, used to connect a hose. Usually located on the outside of a building. Also referred to as a sill cock or bibcock
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Any part of a piping system other than a riser, main, or stack