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Chapter 11 & 12 Vocabulary

Teacher: Robert M. Richardson - Law Education
Across
to "pat down" or search the outer clothing of someone whom the police believe is acting suspiciously
a state of drunkenness or similar condition created by the use of drugs or alcohol
the requirement that to have an issue decided in one party's favor, the party must show that a certain amount of the weight of the evidence is on his or her side. In a civil case, the plaintiff must prevail by a preponderance of the evidence. In a criminal case, the state must prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt.
a paper signed by a judge authorizing some action, such as an arrest or search and seizure
a verdict that allows convicted criminal defendants to be sent to a hospital and later transferred to a prison after recovery from mental illness
a Latin word meaning "elsewhere;" an excuse or plea that a person was somewhere else at the time a crime was committed
to confirm information
a legal rule that generally prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence against the defendant at trial; generally applies to violations of a defendant's Fourth, Fifth, or Sixth Amendment rights
questioning by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his or her freedom of action
a court-ordered document authorizing the police to arrest an individual on a specific charge
using commonly held notions of what typical drug couriers look and act like in order to be able to question a person without establishing individualized suspicion
defense raised by a criminal defendant stating that because of mental disease or defect, the defendant should not be held responsible for the crime committed
the inappropriate use of race as a factor in identifying people who may break or who may have broken the law
a denial, answer, or plea by a defendant, disputing the correctness of charges against the defendant
giving evidence and answering questions that would tend to subject one to criminal prosecution
Down
to take a person suspected of a crime into custody
rights that a person must be told of when arrested or taken into custody by police or other officials. These include the right to remain silent, to contact a lawyer, and to have a free lawyer provided if the person arrested cannot afford one
the system by which government enforces criminal law. It includes everything from the arrest of an individual to the individual's release from control by the state.
evidence that justifies an officer in stopping and questioning an individual believed to be involved in criminal activity; based on less evidence than probable cause but more than a mere hunch
a Latin term, meaning "in good faith"; (1) characterized by good faith and lack of fraud or deceit; (2) valid under or in compliance with the law
a defense to a criminal charge that shows a just or lawful reason for the defendant's conduct
the formal accusation of a crime