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Intro to Law Ch. 2

Across
In order to help with rising caseloads, Congress created the role of ___ judges, judicial officers appointed by the judges of the federal district courts, to serve back-to-back 8 year terms, and whose duties include conducting pretrial proceedings in criminal matters (bail hearings etc.), and in civil matters, as well as all work in cases where the litigants consent to the ___ judge presiding.
A legislator who sees their role more as a ___ is a legislator who “tries to discern what [their] constituents prefer the laws to be and votes accordingly."
Laws passed by local legislatures such as city councils or county commissions are called ___.
A fundamental principle of American Constitutionalism is ___, a political system in which the Constitution distributes power between the national government and the states.
State court judges are ___ using various methods, including: gubernatorial appointments (which emphasizes independence) and elections, legislative or popular (which emphasizes accountability), or a combination of methods such as the Missouri plan.
Courts have power to hold parties in ___ who disrupt court proceedings or who refuse to comply with court orders, by which such parties can be made to pay fines or go to jail.
Congress can override a presidential ___ of legislation that has passed both houses by again voting on the bill and passing it with a 2/3 majority in both houses.
The executive branch attorneys who are responsible for bringing charges against suspected criminals are ___.
The steps one must take to become a lawyer in most states in the U.S. include earning a ___ Doctor (JD) degree from an accredited law school and passing the state's bar examination for admission to the practice of law.
The public officials charged with representing indigent persons accused of crimes, in some communities appointed from the private bar and paid with community funds, are called public ___.
As a structure of US law, the functions of chief ___ include administration of government, agenda setting and policy development, oversight of administrative agencies, law enforcement.
Proposed legislation is called a ___.
A court’s ability to hear and decide a case is called ___.
The Chief Executive of the federal government is the ___, the chief executive of the states are the 50 state governors, and the local chief executives are mayors and county executives.
The US national legislature, Congress, is made up of two houses, the House of Representatives and the ___. The ___ is made of up two elected officials from each state, and the House is made up of 435 representatives, where the number of legislators from each state depend on that state’s population based on the last census.
___ courts are the first level of courts, and conduct fact-finding trials and hearings, resolving legal disputes.
As opposed to courts of general jurisdiction, which are trial courts that can hear any type of case, “courts of ___ jurisdiction” are trial courts that hear specialized matters, for example, probate court, family court, juvenile court, traffic court.
Elected members of a legislature are called ___.
The ___ responsibilities of attorneys are set out in states’ individual codes of professional responsibility, that are largely modeled after the American Bar Association’s Model Rules of Professional Conduct.
The framers of the Constitution provided that federal judges, "both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour," essentially life ___, so that federal judges could be independent and not influenced by partisan politics.
A fundamental principle of American Constitutionalism is separation of ___, the distribution of the three basic functions of government between three separate, coordinate branches of government: the legislature (Congress), the executive (President), and the Judiciary (Courts).
Down
The general term for the various informal methods of resolving legal disputes without a trial is "___ dispute resolution." The most common types are negotiation, arbitration, and mediation.
Administrative ___ promulgate rules to carry out the provisions of legislation, enforce rules, and adjudicate disputes over application of rules.
A fundamental principle of American Constitutionalism is the operation of ___ and balances--that the three branches can check each others’ exercise of power. For example, the President can veto acts of Congress, Congress can override presidential veto with a 2/3 majority in each house, the Senate must consent to presidential appointments of judges, ambassadors, and other high government officials, and the President Commander in Chief, but Congress declares war.
One of the two basic types of federal court jurisdiction, ___ of citizenship jurisdiction requires that a civil case must involve parties from different states and an amount in controversy that exceeds $75,000.
Article III of the U.S. ___ is the origin of the federal court system.
US laws are first published in the United States Statutes at Large, printed in chronological order, then they are organized into their appropriate place in the United States ___, arranged by subject matter into Titles.
___ courts hear appeals from litigants who are not satisfied with the resolution of the case in a trial court. ___ courts do not re-try cases and find facts but they do review trial court proceedings to correct errors and settle unresolved issues of law.
The executive branch entities responsible for enforcing laws by engaging in crime-prevention efforts, investigating criminal activity, arresting and detaining suspects, and gathering evidence that prosecutors use in obtaining convictions are called law ___ agencies.
The name of the government body with the primary responsibility for enacting legislation in a democracy is a ___.
The US has 51 ___ systems.
One of the two basic types of federal court jurisdiction is federal ___ jurisdiction: that a case must present a federal ___, that is, a ___ arising under the United States Constitution, a federal statute, regulation, executive order, or treaty.
Attorneys ___ are the executive branch entities made up of attorneys who are responsible for representing their respective governments in legal proceedings and giving them legal advice.
A legislator who sees their role as more of a ___ is a legislator who “relies on a sense of what is best, irrespective of what their constituents prefer.”
Selection of all Article III federal judges include nomination by the President and confirmation by the ___.
A fundamental principle of American Constitutionalism is Judiciary's power of Judicial ___– the Court’s power to review acts of Congress and declare them void if they are found to be contrary to the Constitution.
A litigant seeking Supreme Court appellate review must submit a petition for a ___ of certiorari, a request that the Supreme Court review a decision of a lower court, then the justices determine whether the request should be granted.